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    Section 3 - Normal Procedures
    • 13 Feb 2023
    • 8 Minutes to read
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    Contents

    Section 3 - Normal Procedures

    • Updated on 13 Feb 2023
    • 8 Minutes to read
    • Contributors
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    Article Summary

    Airspeeds

    Normal Operations

    The following airspeeds are those which are significant for normal operations, with reference to 1180 kg MTOW.

     

    FLAPS

    MTOW 1180 kg

    Rotation Speed (in takeoff, VR)

    T/O

    64 KIAS

    Best Angle-of-Climb Speed (VX)

    0°

    73 KIAS

    Best Rate-of-Climb speed (VY)

    0°

    80 KIAS

    Approach speed

    T/O

    90 KIAS

    Final Approach Speed

    FULL

    70 KIAS

    Manoeuvring speed (VA)

    0°

    118 KIAS

    Never Exceed Speed (VNE)

    0°

    167 KIAS<

    Single Engine Training

    VSE is a speed selected as training aid for pilots in the handling of multi-engine aircraft. It is the minimum speed for intentionally rendering on engine inoperative in flight. This minimum speed provides the margin the manufacturer recommends for us when intentionally performing engine inoperative manoeuvres during training. The best practice to perform single engine training is to retard one engine to the flight parameters equivalent to a dead engine.

    A simulated feather condition is obtained with propeller lever full forward and throttle lever set at 13.5 in Hg MAP at 70-90 KIAS and 2000-4000 ft (density altitude).

    Recommended safe simulated OEI speed (VSSE): 70 KIAS

    Pre-Flight Check - Aircraft Walk-Around

    Disclaimer

    The following content is based on a real checklist of the aircraft type, but is adapted to the flight simulator version and therefore not to be used for real aviation.

    To perform the aircraft walk-around, carry out the checklists according to the pattern shown in Figure below.

    1FuelCheck whether fuel is sufficient for flight or not.
    FlapsCheck flap knob position with the actual flap position.
    Flight ControlsCheck flight controls movement with its corresponding Aileron/Elevator/Rudder.
    Gear IndicationCheck Gear Indication whether it's all 3 greens or not.
    2LH Tire Inflation/ConditionCheck left tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.
    LH Wheel ChockRemove left wheel chock by clicking the chock.
    LH Propeller RotationRotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution.
    3LH AileronCheck the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.
    LH Tie-DownClick the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.
    4ElevatorCheck the Elevator movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.
    RudderCheck the Rudder movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.
    5RH AileronCheck the Aileron movement by clicking the aileron to ensure the aileron working properly.
    RH Tie-DownClick the Tie-Down to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.
    6Tire Inflation/ConditionCheck right tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.
    RH Wheel ChockRemove right wheel chock by clicking the chock.
    RH Propeller RotationRotate the propeller until you hear a "burp" sound twice for a proper oil distribution.
    7Pitot CoversClick the Pitot Cover both Left and Right side to remove it and stow it inside the aircraft.
    8Front Tire Inflation/ConditionCheck front tire inflation/condition by clicking the tire.
    9Front Wheel ChockRemove front wheel chock by clicking the chock.

    Cockpit Inspections

    1Parking brakeCHECK ENGAGED
    2Weight and balance CHECK if within the limits
    3PFD and MFDCHECK clean
    4DoorsCLOSED
    5Landing gear control leverCHECK DOWN
    6BreakersAll IN
    7MASTER SWITCHON
    8Fuel quantityCHECK
    9RH fuel selectorRIGHT
    10 LH fuel selectorLEFT 
    11RH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation. 
    12RH Electrical Fuel pumpOFF, check pressure decreased at zero
    13LH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check fuel pressure gauge correct operation.
    14LH Electrical Fuel pumpOFF, check pressure decreased at zero
    15Strobe lightON 
    16Landing gear lights TEST
    17ELT  CHECK set to ARM
    18Flight controlsCHECK free
    19FlapsOperate control to FULL position. Verify extension. Retract flaps.
    20Pitch trim controlSet to neutral position.
    21Rudder trim controlSet to neutral position.
    22Eng. Starting Battery Voltmeter (if installed)Check 12 to 14 Volt

    Engine Starting

    Right engine starting
    1RH Throttle Lever1/3 open
    2RH Carburetor heatOFF
    3RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    4RH CHOKEON if required
    Realistic Operation Mode
    If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time.

    The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.

    You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.

    5RH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up
    6STROBESON
    7RH Ignition switchesBOTH ON
    8RH Start pushbuttonPUSH
    9RH engine oil gaugeCHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation)
    10RH Throttle leverAdvance to reach 1200 RPM
    11RH ChokeOFF
    12RH FieldON
    13RH AvionicsON
    14RH Cross busON
    15RH Electrical fuel pumpOFF
    Left engine starting
    1LH Throttle Lever1/3 open
    2LH Carburetor heatOFF
    3LH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    4LH CHOKEON if required
    Realistic Operation Mode
    If Realistic Operation Mode selected, the rotax engine has a special oil distribution system that needs to be operated correctly before starting the engine: You need to rotate the prop manually until a bubbling noise heard from the engine. That means the oil pushed through all pipes. Then repeat this a second time.

    The number of rotations until the first bubbling noise is heardd epends on the Oil Temperature.

    You can bypass this by selecting "Prepare for departure" on the EFB Walkaround page.
    5LH Electrical Fuel PumpON, check advisory light ON and positive fuel press build up
    6LH Ignition switchesBOTH ON
    7LH Start pushbuttonPUSH
    8LH engine oil gaugeCHECK if increasing within 10 sec. (max 7 bar in cold operation)
    9LH Throttle leverAdvance to reach 1200 RPM
    10LH ChokeOFF
    11LH FieldON
    12LH AvionicsON
    13LH Cross busON
    14LH Electrical fuel pumpOFF

    Before Taxiing

    1Engine WarmupLet the engines warm up to a minimum oil temperature of 50°C at 1200 RPM
    2Nav, Taxi and Landing lightsON

    Taxiing

    1LH/RH Fuel SelectorAs required
    2LH and RH fuel pressureMonitor
    3Parking BrakeRelease
    4Flight InstrumentsCHECK
    5Engine InstrumentsCHECK
    6AltimeterSET both and crosscheck
    max difference 150 ft
    7BrakesTEST

    Prior to Takeoff

    1Parking BrakeENGAGED
    2RH Fuel SelectorRIGHT
    3LH Fuel SelectorLEFT
    4LH and RH fuel pressureCHECK
    5LH and RH Engine parameters checks:
    • Oil temperature:
    		90o-100o C
    (or 50o + 130o C, if MOD2006/002 is applied)
    • CHT / CT:
    		50° - 135° / 120° C
    • Oil pressure:
    		2-5 bar (above 1400 RPM): 0.8 bar (below 1400 RPM)
    • Fuel pressure:
    		2.2 – 5.8 psi (0.15 - 0.40 bar) *2.2 – 7.26 psi (0.15 – 0.50 bar)
    6LH and RH Generator lightsCHECK BOTH OFF
    7LH and RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    8LH and RH Throttle Lever1650 RPM
    9RH Ignitions switchesSet L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM)
    10RH Propeller LeverGOVERNOR CHECK
    a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM;
    b) move propeller lever back to full forward position;
    c) repeat a) and b) 3 times;
    d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM;
    e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position.
    NOTE
    Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case.
    11RH Carburettor heatON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM
    12RH Carburettor heatOFF
    13RH engine instrumentsCHECK parameters if within green arcs
    14LH Ignitions switchesSet L / R / BOTH (RPM drop with single ignition circuit selected must not exceed 130 prop’s RPM; maximum RPM difference by use of either circuits LEFT or RIGHT cannot overcome 50 RPM) 
    15LH Propeller LeverGOVERNOR CHECK
    a) Reduce prop speed to 1200 RPM;
    b) move propeller lever back to full forward position;
    c) repeat a) and b) 3 times;
    d) verify that the governor closely and firmly controls the RPM;
    e) verify that 1650 prop RPM are restored with prop lever in full forward position.
    NOTE
    Do not cause the propeller speed drop below 1150 RPM in any case.

    16LH Carburettor heatON, verify propeller RPM decreasing about 100 RPM
    17LH Carburettor heatOFF
    18LH engine instrumentsCHECK parameters if within green arcs
    19LH and RH Fuel quantity indicator CHECK consistent with fuel plan
    20FlapsT/O or as required (see Take OFF performances)
    21Pitch trim and rudder trimSET neutral position
    22Flight controlsCheck free

    Line-Up

    1Parking BrakeRELEASE, check full in
    2Annunciator windowCHECK cautious and warnings OFF
    3RH Fuel SelectorRIGHT
    4LH Fuel SelectorLEFT
    5Pitot heatas required
    6XPDRSET ALT
    7Magnetic compassCHECK
    8AHRSCROSS CHECK

    Takeoff and Climb

    1Landing lightON
    2LH and RH Electrical Fuel pumpBOTH ON
    3Carburetors heatCHECK OFF
    4LH and RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    5LH and RH Throttle LeverFULL POWER
    6Engines InstrumentsParameters within green arcs
    7Rotation speedMTOW 1180 kg : Vr = 64 KIAS
    MTOW 1230 kg : Vr = 65 KIAS
    8Apply brakes to stop wheel spinning
    9Landing gear control knobUP : check green lights and TRANS light turned OFF within about 20 seconds
    10Landing and taxi lightsOFF above 10,000 ft
    11LH and RH Propeller LeverSet max cont power at safe altitude
    Caution
    Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes. Reduce Throttles MAP power before retracting Propeller to 2200 RPM or below.
    12LH and RH Electrical Fuel PumpBOTH OFF
    Note
    It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX )flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX )flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude).

    Cruise

    1LH and RH Propeller LeverSET to 1900-2250 RPM
    Caution
    Throttles MAP decrease should be made before propeller speed reduction below 2200 RPM, as, contrariwise, Propeller Lever increase RPM should be set before engine Throttle Levers are advanced.
    2Engine parameters check (LH and RH)



    • Oil temperature:
    		90o - 110oC
    (or 50o - 130oC, if MOD2006/002 is applied)

    • CHT/CT:
    		50o - 135o / 50o - 120oC

    • Oil pressure:
    		2 - 5 bar

    • Fuel pressure:
    		2.2 - 5.8 psi
    3Carburetor heat as needed.
    Warning
    Deselect and do not use Auto Pilot if possible icing condition area is inadvertently entered.
    4Fuel balance and crossfeedcheck as necessary

    Descent and Approach

    1PropellerAs required
    Note
    In order to control engine cooling and life, it is preferable to descend with power above idle and RPM lower than full continuous.
    2Carburetors heatAs required
    3Altimeter settingQNH set and crosscheck

    Before Landing

    1LH and RH Electrical Fuel pumpBOTH ON
    2On downwind leg:
    • MTOW 1180 kg : VFE = 119 KIAS
    • MTOW 1230 kg : VFE = 122 KIAS
    		Flaps T/O
    3Speed below applicable VLO/VLELanding gear control knob - DOWN
    Check green lights ON
    4Carburetors heatCHECK OFF
    5LH and RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    6On final leg : speed below 93 KIASFlaps FULL
    7Final Approach Speed
    • MTOW 1180 kg : VAPP = 70 KIAS
    • MTOW 1230 kg : VAPP = 71 KIAS
    8Landing and taxi lightON
    9Touchdown speed65 KIAS

    Balked Landing/Missed Approach

    1LH and RH Propeller LeverFULL FORWARD
    2LH and RH Throttle LeverFULL POWER
    Caution
    Propeller Lever increase to max RPM should be attained before engine Throttle Levers are advanced to max take off power. Max take off power must be limited to 5 minutes
    3FlapsT/O
    4SpeedKeep over 62 KIAS, climb to Vy or Vx as applicable
    5Landing gearUP as positive climb is achieved
    6FlapsUP
    Note
    It is recommended to retract landing gear when a positive climb rate is ensured at the applicable best speed (VY or VX as necessary). It has been demonstrated that best climb rate is always obtained with flaps in UP position. Noteworthily best climb gradient speed (VX) flaps UP is lower than best climb speed (VX) flaps T/O up to 6000 ft (density altitude).

    After Landing

    1LH and RH Electrical Fuel pumpBOTH OFF
    2Flaps0o
    3Pitot HeatOFF
    4Landing lightOFF when required

    Parking/Shut Down

    Note
    It is always suggested to park the aircraft with the nose pointing into wind to improve cooling after shut down.
    1Parking brakeEngage
    2Taxi lightOFF
    3EnginesAllow for cooling down 1 minute at idle power
    4FlapsCheck UP
    5TrimsCheck neutral
    Note
    Ensure the engine is at its lowest possible idle speed before selecting ignitions off.
    6Ignition switchesTurn OFF one at a time
    7LH and RH AVIONICS BUSOFF
    8LH and RH CROSS BUSOFF
    9LH/RH FieldOFF
    10All external lights switchesOFF
    11Master switchOFF
    12Emergency Battery / Emergency cockpit lightCheck OFF


    Postflight Checks

    1Protective cover for Pitot tubes,stall warning and static port plugs.
    		Install
    2Wheel chocksPlace under MLG



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